两相双极性步进电机的工作原理及仿真

有幸能从报废的机器的光驱中拆除几个电机，大概是像下方图片中那样的。 但是这个电机只有四根外接的引脚，之前对不仅电机不是很懂，这两天通过查阅资料，了解到这个电机被称为两相双极性步进电机。

　　在此大概叙述下两相双极性电机的工作原理。 如下图所示，步进电机只有两相（即两组定子），双极性代表两个定子缠绕的线圈可以两个方向通电。

　　简单用图片表示下90度两相双极性步进电机转一圈的过程。 1表示相1正向通电，1~表示相1方向通电。

　　上面只是简单叙述了下两相双极性步进电机的工作原理，下面进入正题，使用proteus进行仿真Arduino来控制电机。

　　仿真：使用L298(U3)驱动四线两相双极性步进电机。

　　代码：MotorTwo为两相双极性电机驱动。

/* Main.ino file generated by New Project wizard
 *
 * Created:   Thu Sep 5 2013
 * Processor: ATmega328P
 * Compiler:  Arduino AVR
 */

 #define LED ( 13 )
 #define MOTOR_PIN0 ( 0 )
 #define MOTOR_PIN1 ( 1 )
 #define MOTOR_PIN2 ( 2 )
 #define MOTOR_PIN3 ( 3 )
 #define MOTOR_PIN4 ( 4 )
 #define MOTOR_PIN5 ( 5 )
 #define MOTOR_PIN6 ( 6 )
 #define MOTOR_PIN7 ( 7 )
 #define MOTOR_ENA ( 8 )
 #define MOTOR_ENB ( 9 )
 
void setup()
 { // put your setup code here, to run once:
   pinMode( LED, OUTPUT );
   pinMode( MOTOR_PIN0, OUTPUT );
   pinMode( MOTOR_PIN1, OUTPUT );
   pinMode( MOTOR_PIN2, OUTPUT );
   pinMode( MOTOR_PIN3, OUTPUT );
   pinMode( MOTOR_PIN4, OUTPUT );
   pinMode( MOTOR_PIN5, OUTPUT );
   pinMode( MOTOR_PIN6, OUTPUT );
   pinMode( MOTOR_PIN7, OUTPUT );
   pinMode( MOTOR_ENA, OUTPUT );
   pinMode( MOTOR_ENB, OUTPUT );
 }

 void MotorOne()
 {
   static int i = 3;
   
   switch( i-- )
   {
      case 0:
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN0, HIGH );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN1, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN2, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN3, LOW );
     break;
      case 1:
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN0, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN1, HIGH );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN2, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN3, LOW );
     break;
      case 2:
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN0, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN1, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN2, HIGH );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN3, LOW );
     break;
      case 3:
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN0, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN1, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN2, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN3, HIGH );
     break;
      default:
     break;
   }
   
   if( 0 > i )
      i = 3;
 }
 
 void LedLight()
 {
   static int i = 0;
   if( 0 == i++ )
      digitalWrite( LED, HIGH );
   else
      digitalWrite( LED, LOW );
      
   if( 2 <= i )
      i = 0;
 }
 
 void MotorTwo()
 {
   static int i = 0;
   
   switch( i++ )
   {
      case 0:
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN4, HIGH );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN5, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN6, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN7, LOW );
     break;
      case 1:
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN4, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN5, HIGH );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN6, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN7, LOW );
     break;
      case 2:
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN4, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN5, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN6, HIGH );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN7, LOW );
     break;
      case 3:
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN4, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN5, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN6, LOW );
     digitalWrite( MOTOR_PIN7, HIGH );
     break;
      default:
     break;
   }
   
   if( 4 <= i )
      i = 0;
 }
 
void loop()
 { // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
 
   MotorOne();
   LedLight();
   MotorTwo();
   
   delay(500);
   
 }